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 | Subsurface Modeling New technology that employs GNSS and the capability to “see underground” holds promise for surveying utilities. By Les MacFarlane, LS, and Jim Waite  1,446kb |
 | The Elevation Certificate {translated} Part 1 FEMA certifications continue to provide work for surveyors. Unfortunately, some fall short of properly completing the paperwork. By C. Barton Crattie, LS, CFM and Wendy Lathrop, LS, CFM 2,177kb |
 | Reconstructing an Accident Scene GNSS RTK from Altus Positioning Systems helps the Royal Canadian Mounted Police reconstruct collision scenes. By Daniel C. Brown 1,342kb |
 | Product Review: Sokkia SRX Our expert product reviewer examines this popular robotic total station. By Shawn Billings, LS 529kb |
 | How Precise is OPUS? Part 1: Experimental Results Thousands of surveyors are using OPUS. Do they understand the legal ramifications of the underlying accuracy and precision? By Richard Snay, Kevin Choi, Gerald Mader, Charles Schwarz, Tomás Soler and Neil Weston 728kb |
 | BookMarks: Burt’s Solar Compass: It Conception, Development, Manufacturing, Marketing and Daily Use by Robert C. Miller By Jack N. Owens, LS 211kb |
